![]() ![]() Taking into account the location of the stimulation of the cortical areas, it can be indicated that pleasant music activates the left frontal lobe most, while unpleasant contributes to global activation, but the dominance of the right hemisphere is visible here (Altenmüller et al., 2002). ![]() A few years later, it was confirmed that music that is subjectively considered to be pleasant stimulates the reward centre, and music considered unpleasant activates the punishment centre (Goryńska et al., 2011). It was revealed then that songs that are perceived as unpleasant stimulate the subcortical structures of the amygdala, and their action is similar to that of drugs. The fact that music is not without significance for the human brain has also been shown in studies by Peeters et al. This is particularly important because it is a neurotransmitter whose reduction is observed, among others, in the event of drug withdrawal (Kostowski & Herman, 2006). Schellenberg ( 2003), using neuroimaging while listening to music by Mozart, which is an example of classical music, showed increased secretion of dopamine. The development of modern technologies as well as the wide interest of researchers have also shown the relationship between music and the release of neurotransmitters. Listening to cheerful music leads to an increase in the heart rate, and when listening to sad passages a lower heart rate and reduced respiratory rate are shown (Bartlett, 1996). Music not only plays an important role in the sphere of culture, but, as shown by research, also affects the human body, especially the functioning of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Perhaps this is due to the specifics of opera music, which, being a peculiar combination of theater and music, poses a special challenge for researchers. Although these analyses relate to various genres and styles of music, including classical music, they focus little on opera music. Is music related to emotional experiences? Can it contribute to a change in mood? There are a number of publications showing the relationship between music and mood (Krahé & Bieneck, 2012 Ferguson & Sheldon, 2013 Garrido & Schubert, 2015a Shifriss et al., 2020). In this study, authors try to answer some of the questions about the relationship between opera music and mood. At the same time, it is a coherent combination of both the sounds of the instruments and the voice, which is sometimes referred to as the unsurpassed, the most perfect of instruments, and the sound of every individual’s voice is unique (Johar, 2016). The recognition of music in contemporary formal definitions makes it possible, above all, to show its artistic value, although it is considered not only as artwork, but also as part of the civilization’s heritage. Research has shown that opera, as a specific musical genre, despite its peculiar form, affects mood and emotions. Instead, it caused a statistically significant change in the level of negative emotional states. The results of this study are largely consistent with the results of other studies examining the relationship between music and mood, but there are also limitations – only two pieces of opera music were used and no control group was included. In turn, the opera “The Barber of Seville” has no effect on a positive emotional state. The participants of the study were 30 people. In the studied group, there are no significant changes in emotional states in response to the opera “La Traviata”. The second time, the participants were presented with a recording from the opera “The Barber of Seville”. The procedure remained unchanged, while the audiovisual material changed. The described procedure was carried out twice, using two different music materials. After the presentation of the stimulus, the subjects again filled in the SUPIN S30 questionnaire scale and the GEMS scale. This was preceded by the respondents completing the SUPIN C30 and S30 questionnaires and a short survey by the authors. Recipients were invited to the previously prepared room, where the audiovisual material – a recording of the opera “La Traviata” – was presented for the first time. The authors of this work, noticing that opera is a combination of music and theater, examined the relationship between listening to opera music and mood changes in people over 50 years of age. The study took the form of a quasi-experiment. ![]()
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